Work

A Novel Classification of Esophageal Anastomotic Leaks and Its Impact on Healing Time After Esophagogastrostomy

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Purpose: Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a severe complication after esophagogastrostomy, yet the classifications of AL and their associated healing times are poorly understood. Materials and Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 117 cases of AL among 2,728 patients who underwent esophagectomy with circular stapled esophagogastric anastomosis at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 1, 2019, to March 31, 2024. AL cases were categorized into four types based on the direction of leakage (anterior, right, posterior, and left). The differences in healing times among these four types were analyzed using the log-rank test. A multivariable Cox model was used to identify factors associated with healing time. Results: The incidence of AL was 4.3% (117/2728), with a median occurrence time of 9 days (Interquartile Range[IQR]: 5) and a median healing time of 56 days (IQR:64). Single cervical ALs accounted for 17.5%, with significantly shorter healing times compared to intrathoracic leaks (33 days vs. 61 days, p=0.018). Right-sided leaks were the most common (49.6%), while left-sided leaks healed faster than right- and posterior-sided leaks (42 days vs. 63 days vs. 70 days, p<0.05). Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes, and neoadjuvant therapy did not influence healing time. In 117 AL patients, the occurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula (p=0.004) and the placement of trans-fistula reverse drainage tubes (p=0.002) were associated with healing time. Conclusion: These findings provide valuable insights for clinicians to better understand the mechanisms of AL development and predict the healing times.

Source: Cancer Research and Treatment

DOI: 10.4143/crt.2025.1029