Work

Bot or Not? Differences in Cognitive Load Between Human- and Chatbot-Led Post-Simulation Debriefings

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Understanding how different debriefing formats impact learner’s cognitive load is crucial for designing effective post-simulation reflection activities. This paper examines cognitive load after post-simulation debriefings facilitated either by a human instructor or a generative AI Chatbot. In a controlled study with N = 45 educational science students, 23 participants engaged in a lecturer-facilitated debriefing, while 22 completed a chatbot-guided session. Cognitive load was assessed across intrinsic, extraneous, and germane dimensions. Results revealed no statistically significant differences between the two debriefing methods. Future research should examine AI-led debriefings with larger samples and employ complementary measures of cognitive load to provide a more comprehensive understanding.

Source: Education Sciences

DOI: 10.3390/educsci16020255

Authors: Dominik Evangelou, Miriam Mulders, Kristian Heinrich Träg

Institution: University of Duisburg-Essen

Language: English

Topic: Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes

Subfield: Experimental and Cognitive Psychology

Field: Psychology

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Quality education

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,172