Low-Temperature and High-Pressure Phase Transitions in Two 2-Amino-4′-halobenzophenones: Incommensurate Modulation and a Case of Temperature-Induced Twinning
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The structures of 2-amino-4′-chlorobenzophenone and 2-amino-4′-bromobenzophenone, previously determined at room temperature in the space group Pna 2 1, have been redetermined at low-temperature revealing two different reversible phase transitions. Additionally, high-pressure X-ray diffraction studies were conducted to allow for a comparison of the behavior of these structures in response to different external stimuli. Variable temperature analyses reveal that 2-amino-4′-bromobenzophenone transitions to the monoclinic space group Pa accompanied by a nonmerohedral twinning. The monoclinic phase exhibits approximate symmetry mimicking that of the supergroup Pna 2 1 but with a metric symmetry that precludes true Pna 2 1 symmetry. The structure of 2-amino-4′-chlorobenzophenone transitions to an incommensurately modulated phase upon cooling. The changes in the structure are attributed to slight conformational variations and a rearrangement of the hydrogen bonding networks in the structure in response to stimuli. The phase transition for 2-amino-4′-bromobenzophenone is classified as second order and a mechanism involving multiple coincident nucleation events is inferred from the conformational change and the incidence of twinning. The transformation of 2-amino-4′-chlorobenzophenone to an incommensurate phase is proposed to arise due to thermal contraction of the structure, which allows distinct competing hydrogen bonding networks between neighboring molecules to evolve.
Source: Crystal Growth & Design
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,500
OpenAlex ID: W7127920728