Work

A Stackelberg Game Approach for Collaborative Operation and Interest Balancing in Community-Based Integrated Energy Microgrids

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: To address the limitation of traditional microgrid operator-led optimization models that compromise user-side benefits, this paper proposes a novel method for the collaborative optimal operation strategy of community-based integrated energy microgrids and diversified flexible resources. The method deeply integrates user-side flexibility resources into the decision-making process. Unlike existing research that only considers electro-heat coupling, our model integrates shared energy storage services into an integrated energy system, reflecting a more realistic future application. A Stackelberg game framework is then established with the microgrid operator (MGO) as the leader and the user aggregator as the follower. The user aggregator optimizes its energy strategy by coordinating user demand response, thereby increasing the profits of both itself and the shared energy storage operator. Meanwhile, this model guides the MGO’s pricing decisions for electricity and heat, balancing interests of all stakeholders. To solve the model, a hierarchical approach that merges the Harris Hawks Optimization algorithm with the CPLEX solver is employed. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model and strategy significantly enhance user-side revenue and flexibility, achieve a win-win outcome for the user aggregator and MGO, and lay the foundation for future shared energy storage service providers to participate in market pricing as key game entities.

Source: Energies

DOI: 10.3390/en19030837

Authors: Zhenxing Wen, Yutao Zhou, Dingming Zhuo, Chong Li, Hui Luo, Dongguo Zhou

Institutions: Guangdong Power Grid Company (China), Wuhan University

Language: English

Topic: Smart Grid Energy Management

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137