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Does urban environment at birth and adolescence affect cardiometabolic morbidity in adolescents? Results from the PARIS birth cohort study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: This study aims to examine the association between urban environment characteristics at birth and at adolescence and cardiometabolic health in adolescents from the PARIS birth cohort. Body mass index z-scores (BMIz) trajectories from birth to adolescence, weight status and two cardiometabolic profiles at adolescence were determined. Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure was estimated by a nitrogen oxides air dispersion model. The French Deprivation Index, walkability percentage, and the use of green spaces were considered. Built environment typologies were identified by a cluster analysis. Associations were assessed using multivariable (multinomial) logistic regression models and potential modifier effects were examined. Among 617 adolescents who participated in the health checkup, around one in ten were living with overweight/obesity. Five BMIz trajectories were identified. After adjustment, walkability and the use of green spaces at adolescence were negatively associated with overweight/obesity. Early TRAP exposure showed a positive association with overweight/obesity and with each BMIz trajectory compared to the low stable trajectory, with a higher level of association observed for the two ascending trajectories. TRAP exposure, parental overweight, use of green spaces, and sedentary behavior modified the associations between the urban environment and overweight. These findings show the beneficial effects of neighborhood walkability and using green spaces on overweight/obesity in adolescents. They also demonstrate that early TRAP exposure increases the risk of overweight. These results highlight the necessity of effective urban planning to contribute to a healthy environment.

Source: Health & Place

DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2026.103622