Risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants: a meta-analysis
Year: 2026
Type: review
Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Background: This study aims to explore the primary risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants through meta-analysis, providing scientific evidence for clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for studies investigating risk factors for NEC in VLBW infants, covering the period from database inception to October 10, 2025. Eligible studies included case-control studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment was performed using the NOS and AHRQ scores. Data were pooled using Stata 15 software with a random-effects model. Results: a total of 16 research articles involving 179,289 patients included, meta-analysis results suggest that Small Gestational Age [OR = 1.35, 95% CI (1.14, 1.60)], red blood cells transfusion [OR = 1.75, 95% CI (1.26, 2.43)], maternal hypertensive disorders [OR = 1.27, 95% CI (1.03, 1.57)], patent ductus arteriosus [OR = 1.56, 95% CI (1.30, 1.88)], sepsis [OR = 1.87, 95% CI (1.22, 2.87)] were associated with NEC in very low birth weight infants. Conclusion: This systematic meta-analysis consolidates and confirms previously reported associations between several clinical factors and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. The findings support the association of small gestational age, red blood cell transfusion, maternal hypertensive disorders, patent ductus arteriosus, and sepsis with an increased risk of NEC. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO CRD420251149565.
Source: Frontiers in Pediatrics
Authors: Liming Bao, Jinyan Huang
Institution: Wenzhou Medical University
Language: English
Topic: Infant Nutrition and Health
Subfield: Nutrition and Dietetics
Field: Nursing
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7128021011