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Cardinality enrichment of 3-D FCC-MDW code in wavelength/time/space domains for non-coherent OCDMA at 17 Gbps with interference suppression En/Decoder

Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This paper introduces a new Interference Suppression Scheme (ISS) for wavelength/time/spatial Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) systems, demonstrated through a new 3-D FCC-MDW coding architecture. The 3-D FCC-MDW code offers flexible in-phase cross-correlation, effectively reducing Phase-Induced Intensity Noise (PIIN) and Multiple-Access Interference (MAI). The 3-D FCC-MDW ISS-OCDMA ( M = 7, N = 13, P = 3) system shows good performance, offering cardinality enrichments of 7.43 times, 9.65 times, and 8 times compared to 2-D FCC-MDW ( M = 23, N = 7), 3D-MD ( M = 7, N = 13, P = 3), and 3D-VWZCC ( M = 7, N = 13, P = 3) codes, respectively. Furthermore, its low optical received power of −30 dBm signifies enhanced receiving sensitivity and great scalability for next-generation OCDMA systems without requiring amplification at the receiving end. The simulation results visually confirm the signal quality and timing accuracy of the proposed 3-D FCC-MDW ISS-OCDMA ( M = 7, N = 13, P = 3) system operating at 17 Gbps. In addition, simulation over a 50 km fiber link confirms the robustness of the proposed 3-D FCC-MDW ISS-OCDMA system. At 622 Mbps, it achieves a Q-factor of 11.6 and BER of 1.06 × 10 −31 , while at 2.5 Gbps, the Q-factor remains 8.7 with BER 1.14 × 10 −18 . The open eye diagram demonstrates stable, error-free transmission without optical amplification. Therefore, the 3-D FCC-MDW ISS-OCDMA coding method greatly increases system capacity, reduces noise effects, and strengthens signal transmission, providing an efficient and flexible solution for FTTH application.
DOI: 10.1016/j.rio.2026.100981
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,470
OpenAlex ID: W7128384057
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Cites: 29
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