Work

Predicting Role of Interleukin‐33 in Determining the Development and Severity of Atopic Dermatitis

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Atopic dermatitis (AD), also referred to as atopic eczema, is one of the most common immunological disorders in children. Previous studies have suggested potential roles of interleukin-33 (IL-33) in the onset and progression of AD. This study investigated whether serum IL-33 levels in children with AD are associated with disease severity, immunoglobulin E (IgE) sensitization to food or environmental allergens, and serum IgE concentration. METHODS: The study included 62 children with newly diagnosed AD and 30 age-matched healthy controls. Following an interview and confirmation of disease severity, 3mL of venous blood was collected from each participant. Sensitization to allergens was assessed using a skin prick test. Serum IL-33 (ng/L) and IgE (IU/mL) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Among the 62 children with AD, 51 (82.3%) were sensitized to food allergens, whereas 11 (17.7%) were sensitized to environmental allergens. Most patients (75.8%) had mild AD. Serum IL-33 and IgE levels were significantly elevated in patients compared with healthy controls. Both IL-33 and IgE concentrations were significantly associated with moderate AD. However, IL-33 levels were not correlated with age, gender, or allergen type. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that IgE levels demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance for AD (AUCc0.758), while IL-33 showed weaker diagnostic value (AUC = 0.678). For predicting disease severity, IL-33 exhibited strong performance, with the highest sensitivity (85.71%) and maximum specificity (70.21%) at a cut-off of 331.32 ng/L (AUC = 0.862). In contrast, IgE was not a reliable predictor of AD severity. CONCLUSION: Serum IL-33 levels are significantly correlated with AD severity and may serve as a predictive biomarker, whereas IgE shows limited utility for severity assessment. Further studies are warranted to validate the clinical applicability of IL-33 in AD management.

Source: Immunity Inflammation and Disease

DOI: 10.1002/iid3.70351

Authors: Ali‐reza Ghasemiyeh, Marzieh Heidarzadeh Arani, Fatemeh Riazian, Ali Aghajani, Mohammad Javad Azadchehr, Hossein Motedayyen

Institutions: Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch

Language: English

Topic: Dermatology and Skin Diseases

Subfield: Dermatology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,300