Work

Evaluating the minimum inertia of power systems with consideration for wind power in frequency regulation

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: In the context of high wind power penetration, low-inertia power systems face deteriorated frequency stability, making it critical to assess minimum inertia while accounting for wind turbines’ multi-mode frequency regulation (FR). To address this, this study proposes a parameter-weighted average multi-machine aggregation model—weighting key FR parameters by wind turbines’ output proportion—to resolve the accuracy deficit of traditional single-machine equivalent models; further, it establishes a dual-constraint (frequency rate of change, RoCoF; maximum frequency deviation, Δ f max ) minimum inertia evaluation method, quantifying how wind power FR reduces inertia demand. Validated through Matlab/Simulink simulations and comparisons with PSD-BPA results of an actual regional grid, the proposed model shows better consistency with real-system frequency responses than conventional approaches, providing practical guidance for frequency security in wind-integrated power systems.

Source: International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2026.111640

Authors: Zhenjian Xie, Yi Tang

Institutions: State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power (China), Southeast University

Language: English

Topic: Frequency Control in Power Systems

Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Affordable and clean energy, Industry, innovation and infrastructure, Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,920