Can Large Language Models Improve SE Active Learning via Warm Starts?
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Software engineering (SE) now demands the navigation of vast configuration spaces, not only for software systems but also for the processes used to build them. Misconfigurations threaten performance, stability, and security. Worse, our ability to manually reason across large design spaces is limited. Hence we say (a) configurability is a liability without tool support and (b) as a priority, SE needs to explore better configuration tools. Finding good configurations is a black art, requiring much experience. When that experience is scarce, “active learners” can build configuration models by labeling the most informative examples (so configurations can be generated using very little data). Active learning can benefit from good initial guesses (known as “warm starts”). This article tries using Large Language Models (LLMs) for creating warm starts. Results are compared against Gaussian Process Models and Tree of Parzen Estimators. For 49 SE tasks, LLM-generated warm starts significantly improved the performance of low- and medium-dimensional tasks. However, LLM effectiveness diminishes in high-dimensional problems, where Bayesian methods like Gaussian Process Models perform best. In order to support open science, our scripts and data are online at https://github.com/timm/moot and https://github.com/lohithsowmiyan/lazy-llm .
DOI: 10.1145/3796511
Authors: Lohith Senthilkumar, Tim Menzies
Institution: North Carolina State University
Language: English
Subfield: Information Systems
Field: Computer Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
OpenAlex ID: W7128487267