Work

The Role of Vitamin D3 in Periodontal Health: Implications for Bone Metabolism, Immune Modulation and Inflammation Control

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Vitamin D3 is a fat-soluble steroid essential for bone metabolism, immune modulation, and inflammation control, all critical for periodontal health. Its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in periodontal cells, including periodontal ligament stromal cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and macrophages, enhancing osteogenesis, antimicrobial defenses, and anti-inflammatory responses. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that adequate systemic vitamin D3 levels and local activation in gingival tissues improve outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies, reducing probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival inflammation. Dose-dependent supplementation shows greater clinical efficacy, and emerging evidence supports potential topical applications. This review integrates molecular mechanisms with clinical findings, highlighting the therapeutic potential of vitamin D3 in periodontal disease management.

Source: Nutrients

DOI: 10.3390/nu18040577

Authors: Julia Moszura, Sebastian Gawlak-Socka, Jakub Pęksa, Natalia Bielecka-Kowalska, Sebastian Kłosek

Institution: Medical University of Lodz

Language: English

Topic: Oral microbiology and periodontitis research

Subfield: Periodontics

Field: Dentistry

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,499