Work

Facile optimization of combinatorial sputtering processes with arbitrary numbers of components for targeted compositions

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Combinatorial sputtering is a physical vapor deposition method that enables the high-throughput synthesis of compositionally varied thin films. Using this technique, the effects of stoichiometry on specific properties of alloy thin films with analog composition gradients can be mapped using high-throughput characterization. To obtain specific stoichiometries, such as those desired for an equiatomic, intermetallic, or doped compounds, the sputter power of each target must be simultaneously tuned to optimize the deposition rate of each component. This optimization problem increases in complexity with the number of components, which commonly leads to iterative guess-and-check processing and can limit the intrinsic high-throughput advantages of this synthesis method. To circumvent this challenge, this work introduces a composition optimization procedure that enables the facile synthesis of sputtered combinatorial films with targeted compositions. This procedure leverages the expeditious mapping of composition using wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence and is capable of optimizing processing for an arbitrary number of components. As a demonstration, this method is leveraged to sputter a combinatorial CrvFewMoxNbyTaz film with an equiatomic composition near the wafer center.

Source: Review of Scientific Instruments

DOI: 10.1063/5.0303021

Authors: Shelby Sutton Fields, Christopher David White, Keith E. Knipling, Steven P. Bennett

Institutions: United States Naval Research Laboratory, Naval Research Laboratory Materials Science and Technology Division

Language: English

Topic: Machine Learning in Materials Science

Subfield: Materials Chemistry

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funder: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory

Award: G2938431867