Work

Structural biology of γδ T cell receptors

Year: 2026

Type: review

Abstract: T cell receptor (TCR) diversity underpins cellular immunity. While αβ TCRs have been extensively studied in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigen recognition, the γδ TCR system remains underexplored. Unlike their αβ counterparts, γδ TCRs display versatile, often MHC-independent recognition modes, engaging diverse ligands ranging from butyrophilins (BTNs) and other disparate molecules. Recent advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) paired with crystallographic data have illuminated critical aspects of γδ TCR -ligand interactions, the CD3 complex architecture, and the inherent flexibility underpinning their varied recognition modes. In this review, we compare the classical αβ TCR-MHC paradigm against the backdrop of emerging γδ TCR structures, highlighting the latest cryo-EM findings and their implications for immunobiology.

Source: Current Opinion in Structural Biology

DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2026.103221

Authors: Liam Rashleigh, Mengqi Pan, Jamie Rossjohn, Michael T. Rice

Institutions: Monash University, Cardiff University

Language: English

Topic: T-cell and B-cell Immunology

Subfield: Immunology

Field: Immunology and Microbiology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,360

Funders: Monash University, National Health and Medical Research Council, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University