Work

A Phase 1, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Assess the Bioequivalence of Trofinetide as a Ready-to-Use Oral Solution and Constituted Powder for Oral Solution in Healthy Adults

Year: 2026

Type: article

Study designs: Randomized Controlled Trial, Clinical Trial

Abstract: Trofinetide is an approved treatment in the USA and Canada for Rett syndrome in patients aged ≥ 2 years. Trofinetide is currently supplied as a ready-to-use oral solution (TOS). A new trofinetide powder for oral solution (TPOS) offers potential advantages: smaller configuration of unit-dose packs; excludes preservatives, synthetic red dye, and maltitol; can be dissolved in a range of volumes in cold/room temperature water or water-based beverages; does not require refrigeration. To ensure that the formulation change does not impact trofinetide pharmacokinetics, a bioequivalence study assessed trofinetide pharmacokinetics after single 12,000-mg oral trofinetide doses administered as TOS and TPOS and the impact of a reduced constitution volume on trofinetide bioavailability. In this randomized, open-label, three-period, three-treatment design study, 38 healthy adults each received one 12,000-mg trofinetide dose of TOS (60 mL [200 mg/mL]; treatment A), TPOS constituted in 60 mL of water (200 mg/mL; treatment B), and TPOS constituted in 25 mL of water (480 mg/mL; treatment C) in sequence ABC or BAC. Bioequivalence for each treatment comparison was confirmed if the 90% confidence interval (CI) of the geometric mean ratio (GMR) for the maximum observed drug concentration (Cmax), area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0–t), and AUC from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) fell within 80–125%. The criteria for bioequivalence were met for AUC0–t (GMR 99.62%; CI 96.52–102.83), AUC0–∞ (GMR 99.50%; CI 96.44–102.66), and Cmax (GMR 99.52%; CI 94.99–104.27) between treatment B and treatment A. All other treatment comparisons (C vs A and B vs C) also met the bioequivalence criteria. The most frequent treatment-emergent adverse event was diarrhea (n = 6 [15.8%]). No serious or unexpected adverse events occurred during the study. The bioequivalence demonstrated in this study supports the clinical interchangeability of TPOS and TOS and shows that TPOS can be constituted using adjustable volumes of water without affecting bioavailability. There were no unexpected adverse events reported with trofinetide when administered as TPOS and TOS. Trofinetide, the first approved treatment for people living with Rett syndrome, is a ready-to-use oral solution that is now available as a powder to mix into an oral solution that caregivers of people with Rett syndrome can prepare. The powder comes in a smaller package making storage or carrying easier, it has fewer sweeteners and no red dye, it can be dissolved in different amounts of water or drinks such as fruit juice or tea at cold/room temperature, and does not need refrigeration. When the same drug in two different products is absorbed into the body at the same rate and extent, it is called bioequivalence. Researchers wanted to know if people given the same amount of trofinetide (12,000 mg) as a powder versus ready-to-use solution using the same volume (60 mL) or the powder in a reduced volume (25 mL) end up with similar trofinetide levels in their blood. Thirty-eight healthy adults took three versions of 12,000 mg trofinetide on separate days in sequence ABC or BAC: (A) ready-to-use solution (60 mL), (B) powder dissolved in 60 mL water, and (C) powder dissolved in 25 mL water. Trofinetide blood concentration was measured over 48 h after each dose. For each treatment comparison, the rate and amount of trofinetide reaching the blood was equivalent. This means the same amount of trofinetide within the same time period is delivered into the patient’s blood whether caregivers use the new powder formulation mixed in different amounts of liquids or the ready-to-use solution.

Source: Advances in Therapy

DOI: 10.1007/s12325-025-03484-1