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The effects of mixed-mode ventilation on energy saving and employee job satisfaction, work engagement, and job performance

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Given the rise in extreme temperatures worldwide due to climate change, this paper explores whether installing a mixed-mode ventilation (MMV) system in buildings can reduce energy consumption without compromising employees' job satisfaction, work engagement, and job performance. The MMV system combines natural ventilation with air-conditioning, switching between them as needed and operating at a higher temperature to achieve energy savings while still providing thermal comfort. A 19-week experience sampling study (Study 1) was conducted to examine the long-term effects of working under the MMV system. A field experiment (Study 2) was then conducted to document causal effects. The results show that the MMV system leads to significant energy savings compared to traditional air-conditioners (AC) and, furthermore, provide initial evidence that employees' job satisfaction, work engagement, and job performance do not differ statistically between those working under the MMV system and those working under traditional AC.

Source: Scientific Reports

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-38812-0

Authors: Yamon Min Ye, Wei Liang, Fei Xu, Adrian Chong, Christopher M. Barnes, Kai Chi Yam

Institutions: National University of Singapore, University of Washington

Language: English

Topic: Building Energy and Comfort Optimization

Subfield: Building and Construction

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: Decent work and economic growth, Affordable and clean energy

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,690