Evidence for cPLA2 activation in Alzheimer’s disease synaptic pathology
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Synapses are essential for learning and memory, and their loss predicts cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Synaptic loss is associated with excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β, and tau pathology, but the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. There is an urgent need to identify new targets to modify the disease and slow synaptic loss and cognitive decline. This study examines if calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is implicated in AD synaptic loss. cPLA2 catalyzes membrane phospholipids to release arachidonic acid, which can be metabolized into inflammatory eicosanoids. Methods: cPLA2 levels were examined in synaptosomes isolated from the postmortem frontal cortex of individuals with no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD dementia from the Religious Orders Study (ROS). Eicosanoids in synaptosomes were analyzed using lipidomics. Immunofluorescent staining investigated cPLA2 interactions with synaptic markers. Human iPSCs-derived neurons were used to study cPLA2 overactivation after exposure to amyloid-β 42 oligomers (Aβ42O), its relationships with synaptic markers, and the effects of cPLA2 inhibitors. Results: /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIα (CaMKIIα) and dendritic microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) in NCI and AD brains, where their levels were reduced in AD. P-cPLA2α colocalizes with MAP2 at the neuronal soma associated with neuritic plaques and neurodegeneration in AD. Aβ42O activates cPLA2α in human iPSCs-derived neurons, leading to p-cPLA2α relocation from the cytosol to synaptic and dendritic sites to colocalize with CaMKIIα and MAP2, resulting in their reduction. P-cPLA2α also colocalized with PSD-95 in Aβ42O-exposed neurons, accompanied with increased PSD-95 intensity at soma membrane. These processes were reversed by the cPLA2 inhibitor ASB14780. Conclusions: cPLA2 overactivation at synapses, dendrites, and excitatory neuronal somas is associated with synaptic loss, neuritic plaques and neurodegeneration, potentially contributing to cognitive decline in AD. Future research needs to explore the role of cPLA2 as a disease-modifying target for AD.
Authors: Qiu-Lan Ma, Brandon Ebright, Boyang Li, Jing Li, Jasmin Galvan, Ashley Sanchez, Michael Renteln, Dante Dikeman, Shaowei Wang, Bilal E. Kerman, Xinhui Wang, Marina Manvelian, Xiaohui Yu, Paul Seidler, Berenice Gutierrez-Grebenkova, Brooke E. Hjelm, Debra Hawes, Anne E. Hiniker, Kyle M. Hurth, David A. Bennett, Stan G. Louie, Helena C. Chui, Agenor Limon, Zoe Arvanitakis, Hussein N. Yassine
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,790
Awards: G1593128567, Risk Factors, Pathology, and Clinical Expressions of AD, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Core Center, Elucidating endolysosomal trafficking dysregulation induced by APOE4 in human astrocytes, Drug Development for Alzheimer's neuroinflammation, Mechanisms of Synaptic Protection in Cognitive Resilence to Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers, Brain cPLA2 as a mechanism for neuroinflammation in AD/ADRD with and without APOE4, Rush Alzheimer's Disease Research Center
OpenAlex ID: W7128714442