Work

Demographic, clinical, and duplex ultrasound characteristics of chronic venous disease in Northern Iran

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background Chronic venous disease (CVD) is a progressive vascular disorder with substantial clinical and socioeconomic consequences. Despite its high global prevalence, data from Middle Eastern populations, particularly northern Iran are limited. This study consolidates two large institutional studies to provide the most extensive dataset to date on CVD characteristics in this region. Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, demographic and clinical characteristics of 585 adults diagnosed with CVD (CEAP ≥ C2) between 2018 and 2023 at the principal vascular referral center of Golestan Province were extracted from medical records. These in addition to duplex findings were recorded in dedicated datasheets. Statistical evaluations included descriptive summaries, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression. All patients were referred to the vascular clinic with the presumed diagnosis of chronic venous disease and confirmed with a vascular surgery consultation and duplex ultrasound. Results The mean age was 48.9 ± 12.9 years; 70.3% were women. Obesity (40.7%), prolonged standing occupations (57.1%), and positive family history (42.4%) were prevalent. CEAP distribution showed C2 (49.2%) and C3 (32.8%) as the most common classes, while 18% were classified as C4–C6. Duplex scanning demonstrated a predominance of superficial venous reflux: great saphenous vein (88.2%), small saphenous vein (34.2%), perforators (42.9%), with deep venous reflux observed in 9.6%. Obesity, female sex, and prolonged standing were independent predictors of advanced disease. Conclusion CVD in northern Iran is characterized by younger onset, high female predominance, and extensive superficial venous disease. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions focusing on modifiable risk factors and early duplex evaluation.

Source: JVS-Vascular Insights

DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsvi.2026.100380

Authors: Mobina Jalali, Nooshin Kazemi Pasarvi, Farhad Kor, Gholamreza Roshandel, Pezhman Kharazm

Institution: Golestan University of Medical Sciences

Language: English

Topic: Diagnosis and Treatment of Venous Diseases

Subfield: Surgery

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,000