Validation of the OHIP-14 and Analysis of Gender and Treatment Differences in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Among Pakistani Dental Patients
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the impact of root canal treatment (RCT) versus tooth extraction using the Urdu version of Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) in a sample of Pakistani dental patients, with special emphasis on gender differences. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Dentistry, Islamic International Dental Hospital, Foundation University Dental Hospital, Polyclinic Hospital, and Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan, from March to June 2023. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study of 100 adult patients (mean age = 38.53 ± 13.75; 65% male, 35% female) was conducted. All patients had undergone RCT or tooth extraction within the previous three months. The Urdu-translated Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to assess OHRQoL.1 Employing exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation, a seven-factor solution (KMO = 0.819; Bartlett's test χ2 = 478.89, p <0.001) explained 64.2% of the variance. Overall, the OHIP-14 Cronbach's alpha was 0.83. Group OHIP-14 scores were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The final sample had 49 RCT patients and 51 extraction patients. Female patients reported higher functional limitation scores than male patients (p <0.05), while extraction patients reported higher psychological discomfort scores than RCT patients (p <0.05). Factor analysis revealed the seven-factor structure that explained 64.2% of the variance, indicating that the OHIP-14 was robust. OHIP-14 scores were higher (indicating lower OHRQoL) in extraction patients compared to RCT patients (p <0.05). Conclusion: Females reported more functional limitations and psychological distress following tooth extraction. The seven-factor Urdu OHIP-14 showed strong reliability. These findings emphasise gender-sensitive treatment and the psychological benefits of tooth preservation. KEY WORDS: Root canal therapy, Tooth extraction, Oral health, Quality of life.
Authors: Mahnoor Fatima, Mahad Bin Nadeem, Muhammad Waasay Tanweer, Muhammad Saqib, Fatima Ehsan, Javed Ashraf
Institution: Riphah International University
Language: English
Subfield: Periodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7128912623
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