Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Endoscopic and Surgical Approaches and the Risk of Rebleeding
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is one of the most frequent, time-critical clinical syndromes in emergency medicine, gastroenterology, and surgery. The bleeding source may be upper (esophagus–stomach–duodenum) or lower (small/large bowel); the clinical presentation (hematemesis, melena, hematochezia), hemodynamic status, and comorbidities determine the management strategy. Contemporary care integrates early resuscitation and risk stratification with timely endoscopy; interventional radiology (CT angiography and selective embolization) and surgery serve as escalation options when endoscopic control is inadequate. This article synthesizes evidence-based principles for stepwise management of GIB, selection of endoscopic hemostasis techniques, practical differences between variceal and non-variceal bleeding, indications for surgical intervention, and strategies for stratifying and preventing rebleeding.
Authors: Eshonqulov, Quvonch, Kenjayev, Yodgor
Institution: Termez University of Economics and Service
Language: English
Subfield: Gastroenterology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7128920420
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