Modeling the empathy-self-discovery paradox in Gen Z social behavior with NPD using artificial neural networks
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: This study investigates the resurgence of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) among Generation Z, theorizing its popularity as a social code that both reveals and responds to a contemporary "empathy-self-discovery paradox" with correlates to narcissistic personality traits. We posit that the MBTI's function as an identity marker fulfills needs for belonging while simultaneously enabling a curated, performative self-presentation aligned with subclinical narcissistic dynamics, such as external validation-seeking and identity fragmentation. Framed within theories of consumer sociology, the Barnum Effect, and neurocognitive models of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), we argue the online MBTI phenomenon amplifies a conflict between the genuine exploration of self and the instrumental use of identity for social capital. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we synthesize findings from neuroimaging and clinical literature on empathy deficits in NPD with a novel Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The ANN analyzes behavioral data to map the non-linear relationships between social media engagement, MBTI usage, and outcomes like self-discovery, socialization, and MBTI popularity. Results indicate social media interaction is the strongest driver of MBTI popularity, reflecting its role in narcissistic supply. Crucially, self-discovery shows a non-linear relationship with engagement, peaking at moderate levels before declining, suggesting excessive use may foster a shallow, labels-based identity congruent with narcissistic identity diffusion. By bridging neuropsychological insights on NPD with computational modeling of social behavior, this work provides a novel framework for understanding how digital platforms can cultivate identity markets that resonate with and potentially exacerbate narcissistic psychosocial patterns in vulnerable populations.
Source: Acta Psychologica
Author: Chengze Li
Institution: University of Toronto
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,670
OpenAlex ID: W7129348301