Work

Working with fowl tibiotarsals: insights into caponization and poultry keeping in medieval Portugal

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Caponization of young male birds is a practice undertaken to fatten and improve the quality of the bird’s flesh. Ethnographic work carried out in the village of Freamunde in northern Portugal, allowed us to record in detail the traditional method used to caponize young roosters. We also obtained a small reference collection of capon bones. Since studies of modern poultry indicate that tibiotarsals may be structurally modified as a result of caponization resulting in greater body weight, we focus our attention on this bone. The shape and the size of the tibiotarsals obtained are studied to explore osteological and metrical characters that might help in the recognition of capons in archaeological remains of this taxon. The same methodological approach is applied to Portuguese medieval poultry assemblages dated to the Islamic and late medieval period. However, the observed variations in the size and the shape of the archaeological chicken tibiotarsals are hypothetically interpreted as reflecting an increased interest in egg-production in the course of time.

Source: Journal of Archaeological Science Reports

DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2026.105601

Authors: Marta Moreno-García, Carlos M. Pimenta

Institutions: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Instituto de Historia

Language: English

Topic: Archaeology and ancient environmental studies

Subfield: Paleontology

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Zero hunger

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $2,910