Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and decliningbeta-cell function, often leading to chronic hyperglycemia and associated complications. Despite the availability of variouspharmacological agents, glycemic control remains suboptimal in a significant proportion of patients, particularly when relyingsolely on monotherapy or delayed combination strategies. This review explores the current challenges in diabetes managementwithin primary care settings, highlighting the limitations of monotherapy and dual therapy approaches. It emphasizes the roleof early, individualized treatment intensification using triple combination therapy involving metformin, dapagliflozin, andsitagliptin. This combination targets complementary pathophysiological pathways - hepatic glucose production, renal glucosereabsorption, and incretin hormone regulation - offering superior glycemic control, reduced risk of hypoglycemia, weightmanagement, and cardiorenal benefits. The SMART-DM framework is introduced as a simplified and actionable approach toguide physicians in optimizing diabetes care. In alignment with global and national clinical guidelines, this review supportsthe timely adoption of fixed-dose triple therapy to overcome clinical inertia and improve treatment adherence. Additionally,the review discusses evidence from key clinical trials, patient selection considerations, and safety profiles, thereby providing acomprehensive guide for health care practitioners aiming to enhance long-term outcomes in patients with T2DM.
DOI: 10.59793/mgb4ft07
Authors: Dr. ANUJ MAHESHWARI, Dr MANGESH TIWASKAR, Dr. RAJDEEP SAHA, Dr. AJAY BUDHWAR, Dr. KAMAL KUMAR
Institution: Shilpa (India)
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W7130342043
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