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Effects of Physical Exercise on Circulating Serotonin Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Year: 2026
Type: review
Abstract: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in mood regulation and has several health-related functions in humans. Physical exercise (PE) has been proposed as a potential non-pharmacological strategy to modulate serotonin levels. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of PE on circulating serotonin concentrations. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, identifying 938 records. Randomized controlled trials with a PE intervention group and a non-PE usual care control group that meet the inclusion criteria were selected. Data were synthesized using a random-effects meta-analysis with standardized mean differences (SMD), and sensitivity analyses were performed using alternative pre-post correlation assumptions (r = 0.6-0.9). Study quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. RESULTS: = 94.63%). Sensitivity analyses produced similar non-significant results and consistently high heterogeneity, indicating robustness of the original model. Methodological quality ranged from acceptable to good (PEDro scores 4-7). CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence, derived exclusively from female participants, does not support a significant effect of PE on serum or plasma serotonin levels. The substantial heterogeneity among studies and the generally moderate methodological quality limit the strength of the conclusions and generalizability of the conclusions. Further, high-quality randomized controlled trials with standardized measurement protocols are needed to clarify the influence of exercise on circulating serotonin levels.
Source: Healthcare
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare14040532
Language: English
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,258
OpenAlex ID: W7130855886
FWCI: 5.904
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Cited by: 3
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