Work

Criminal justice system outcomes of children with child welfare service involvement and special educational needs: analysis of routinely collected data

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Children in youth justice systems are disproportionately likely to have special educational needs and prior child welfare interventions. This study examined the odds of criminal justice involvement among children in England (N = 1,708,565) born between 1995 and 1998, using linked education and justice records. Across nine of eleven SEN categories, children with a child welfare intervention had higher odds of a criminal caution or conviction (OR = 1.59–2.58). Among those with justice involvement, odds of receiving a custodial sentence were higher across eight of nine SEN categories (OR = 1.25–1.71). Findings indicate a compound disadvantage: children with both SEN and child welfare involvement face increased odds of criminalisation and custody, underscoring the need for integrated policy responses. Funding: ESRC ADR UK ES/W002345/1.

Source: Children and Youth Services Review

DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108850

Authors: A. Leyland, C.J.R. Webb, N. Hughes

Institutions: Manchester Metropolitan University, University of Sheffield

Language: English

Topic: Child Welfare and Adoption

Subfield: Safety Research

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDGs: Peace, justice, and strong institutions, Reduced inequalities, Good health and well-being

Open Access status: hybrid

Estimated APC paid: $4,000