Year: 2025
Type: article
Abstract: Patients with cancer have multiple etiological factors for the development of myocarditis. Classical or conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and, more recently, immunotherapy have been described as possible etiological causes of myocarditis. In addition, patients with cancer are immunosuppressed and more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections that can cause myocarditis. This review discusses the many possible causes of myocarditis in patients with cancer. Special emphasis is placed on myocarditis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). ICI myocarditis usually affects male patients over 50 years of age who are being treated for lung cancer, melanoma or renal cell carcinoma and have multiple comorbidities. Clinical manifestations occur early, with elevated troponin and electrocardiogram changes. The mortality rate is high. Treatment consists of discontinuation of the causative ICI and corticosteroid therapy. Myocarditis caused by cyclophosphamide, anthracyclines, 5-fl uorouracil, cisplatin, carboplatin, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulators, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and radiotherapy was also reviewed.
Source: Bulgarian Cardiology
Language: English
Subfield: Oncology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7131120835
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