Work

Prediction model and optimization framework for dryout threshold based on vertical micropillar architecture

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: • Gravity-capillary model for vertical micropillar evaporators predicts 3.9 kW/cm2. • High predictive accuracy: 3.7% error (uniform heat flux); ∼10% error (hotspots). • Optimal spacing ratio (∼0.35) maximizes heat-fluid coupling efficiency. • Framework guides high-performance wick design across diverse heat flux conditions. The escalating power density and localized hot spots in modern electronics necessitate advanced thermal management solutions. This study introduces a groundbreaking gravity-capillary coupled model for vertical micropillar-based vapor chambers, leveraging their capillary self-pumping and phase-change cooling capabilities to surpass conventional horizontal designs. The model achieves exceptional predictive accuracy, with errors of 3.7% for uniform heat flux and approximately 10% for hot spot conditions, enabling precise determination of dryout thresholds. An optimal spacing ratio of ∼0.35 yields a dryout heat flux of 3.9 kW/cm 2 . By integrating gravity-capillary theory with geometric optimization, this work establishes a comprehensive framework that elucidates heat-fluid coupling mechanisms in vertical evaporators, providing a robust foundation for designing high-performance thermal management systems under diverse heat flux scenarios.

Source: Results in Engineering

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109751

Authors: Jiaxing Hao, Feng Jiao, Yongqing He, Wenyuan Mao, Fei Chen

Institutions: Kunming University of Science and Technology, Southeast University

Language: English

Topic: Heat Transfer and Boiling Studies

Subfield: Mechanical Engineering

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,940

Funders: National Natural Science Foundation of China, Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province