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EEG biomarkers of microstructural damage in normal-appearing white matter among patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A DTI-EEG combined study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential of EEG in monitoring the extent of white matter microstructural damage in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD) for the first time. Methods: Thirty-two pwNMOSD and 20 healthy controls were recruited and all received DTI scan, while the pwNMOSD underwent also resting state EEG (rs-EEG). DTI indices were compared between two groups to identify impaired WM tracts in pwNMOSD. Correlations between the 240 rs-EEG indices (including spectral and functional connectivity indices in five frequency bands of six brain regions) and the fractional anisotropy (FA) of the impaired WM fiber tract were calculated to identify the rs-EEG biomarkers of WM microstructural damage. The relationships of the identified rs-EEG biomarkers with disease characteristics and cognitive function were further analyzed. Results: Seventeen of the 20 main WM tracts were found to have microstructural damage in pwNMOSD. The functional connectivity indices were significantly and positively correlated with the FA of WM tracts in pwNMOSD, especially the coherence and phase locking value strengths in the theta and gamma frequency bands (r=0.40-0.61). Different patterns between the rs-EEG indices in different frequency bands and the integrity of WM tracts were revealed. These identified rs-EEG indices were significantly related to patients' disease characteristics (number of attacks (r=-0.44), expanded disability status scale score (r=-0.41--0.47), serum anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein level (r=-0.43)) and cognitive functions (symbol digit modality test score, r=0.46).

Source: Frontiers in Immunology

DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1676066