Non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants and novel catheter-based interventional devices in pulmonary thromboembolism
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Systematic Review
Abstract: This systematic bibliographic review evaluates the published literature on non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and catheter-based interventional devices in pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) treatment, comparing outcomes from Turkey and worldwide (2014–2024). A systematic search compliant with PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Turkish Medical Index (January 2014–December 2024). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), registries, and meta-analyses were included, with quality assessments performed utilizing the GRADE methodology. This review provides a narrative synthesis of published evidence rather than conducting a new meta-analysis. Analysis of 142 studies involving more than 75,000 patients showed that NOACs achieve non-inferior efficacy and a 40–69% reduction in major bleeding compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). The AMPLIFY trial reported a 69% reduction in bleeding with apixaban. The Turkish NOAC-TURK registry (n=2,862) reported an overall bleeding rate of 7.6% but identified a concerning 47.6% rate of inappropriate dose reduction. Regarding catheter-directed therapies, the PEERLESS trial (2024) demonstrated that FlowTriever mechanical thrombectomy was superior to catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), with a win ratio of 5.01 (p
Authors: Evren Ekingen, Mete Ucdal
Institution: Hacettepe University
Language: English
Subfield: Internal Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W7133127595