Influence of transporter polymorphisms on digoxin serum concentrations: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Year: 2026
Type: review
Study designs: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
Abstract: Introduction Polymorphisms in transporter (P-gp, OATP) genes affect digoxin pharmacokinetics and are crucial for predicting toxicity due to its narrow therapeutic index. However, evidence regarding their effects on digoxin serum concentrations remain inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the influence of transporter polymorphisms on digoxin serum concentrations.Methods A systematic search of EBSCOhost, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinPGx was conducted up to May 2025. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for digoxin serum concentrations (Cmax, AUC, and SDC) using a random-effects model. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic, and subgroup analyses were performed.Results Nineteen eligible studies were identified. A significant association was observed between ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism and elevated digoxin Cmax across multiple genetic models, with the largest effect observed between codominant T/T versus C/C (MD: 0.40 ng/mL; 95% CI: 0.14–0.66). Conversely, opposite associations were observed in the Japanese population, where C allele carriers had higher digoxin AUC0–4 hr.Conclusion The ABCB1 C3435T polymorphism influences digoxin serum concentrations and may inform genotype-guided therapy. However, the limited number of studies in meta-analysis warrants further well-designed studies.This systematic review and meta-analysis was not registered in any protocol registry.
Source: Pharmacogenomics
Language: English
Subfield: Pharmacology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7134941402