Pathogenic mechanisms of action of autoantibody-mediated central nervous system disorders targeting neuroglial surface antigens
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Autoantibody-mediated diseases targeting central nervous system antigens are increasingly recognised and may manifest as encephalitis or demyelination. A subset of these diseases can be associated with autoantibodies targeting neuronal or glial cell surface proteins (neuroglial surface antibodies or NGsAbs), including leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1, contactin-associated protein-like 2, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, aquaporin-4, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, among others. There is accumulating evidence that many NGsAbs may be directly pathogenic, and the associated diseases are responsive to immunotherapy. Underlying disease pathogenesis is still not fully determined and NGsAbs can demonstrate multiple effector mechanisms. In this review, we will briefly outline the clinical syndromes associated with NGsAbs, followed by a detailed breakdown of known in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo studies elucidating pathogenic mechanisms of these autoantibodies. Our understanding of the underlying immunobiology of these conditions will ultimately inform more refined therapeutic approaches.
Source: Autoimmunity Reviews
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,730
Awards: Characterisation of autoantigen-specific human B cells in central nervous system autoantibody-mediated diseases, The immunobiology of autoantibody-mediated diseases of the central nervous system., Defining pathogenic mechanisms to improve diagnosis and treatment of antibody-associated neurological disorders
OpenAlex ID: W7135062008