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Catastrophizing versus positive reappraisal: The cognitive depletion effects of workplace incivility

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: As a low-intensity stressor with ambiguous intent, workplace incivility has sparked debate regarding its real impact. A key unresolved question is how daily incivility elicits specific cognitive processes that lead to sustained exhaustion over time. This study examines cognitive depletion-a critical state linked to impaired job performance-by investigating its relationship with workplace incivility and the mediating roles of catastrophizing and positive reappraisal across different time frames. Using a hybrid methodological approach that combines a five-day daily diary study with a three-wave longitudinal survey spanning two months, we captured both immediate and cumulative cognitive processes. Results revealed a significant direct effect of workplace incivility on cognitive depletion. Moreover, catastrophizing served as a salient depletion pathway, whereas insufficient positive reappraisal represented a failed protection pathway. These findings highlight that excessive negative interpretation of uncivil experiences, coupled with a diminished capacity for positive reframing, constitutes a critical mechanism driving cognitive depletion.

Source: Acta Psychologica

DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106617

Authors: Zhao-Xue Cao, Yu Yan, Shuai-Ping Xiao, Kai-Chen Zhao

Institutions: Wuhan University, Hubei University Of Economics

Language: English

Topic: Workplace Violence and Bullying

Subfield: Sociology and Political Science

Field: Social Sciences

Domain: Social Sciences

SDG: Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,670