Work

Nanobiotechnology-Based Strategies for Targeting Neuroinflammation and Neural Tissue Engineering

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Neuroinflammation is a central hallmark of numerous neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, traumatic brain injury, and spinal cord damage. Its persistent and dysregulated nature not only accelerates neuronal loss but also impedes endogenous repair, posing a major challenge for effective therapeutic intervention. Recent advances in nanobiotechnology have opened transformative opportunities to modulate neuroinflammation with unprecedented precision while simultaneously supporting neural regeneration. This review highlights emerging nanomaterial-based strategies including lipid-based, polymeric, inorganic nanoparticles designed to traverse the blood–brain barrier (BBB), deliver anti-inflammatory agents, modulate immune cell behavior, and attenuate glial activation. Extending beyond nanoparticle-based delivery systems, recent advances also emphasize the integration of nanomaterials into biomimetic architectures to provide structural and functional cues for neural repair. We further summarize how these functional nanostructured scaffolds, such as extracellular matrix (ECM) mimetic, nanofibrous and conductive hydrogels, are being leveraged in neural tissue engineering to direct stem cell fate, promote axonal outgrowth, and rebuild damaged neuroarchitectures. Moreover, pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, safety, clinical trials, regulatory considerations and limitations of nanotherapeutics in neurodegenerative diseases are discussed. By outlining the current progress, mechanistic insights, and translational challenges, this review underscores the potential of nanobiotechnology-enabled therapeutics to revolutionize the treatment of neuroinflammatory conditions and advance next-generation neural repair technologies.

Source: Immuno

DOI: 10.3390/immuno6010018

Authors: Tejas Yuvaraj Suryawanshi, Neha Redkar, Akanksha Sharma, Jyotsna Mishra, Sumit Saxena, Shobha Shukla

Institution: Indian Institute of Technology Bombay

Language: English

Topic: Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery

Subfield: Biomaterials

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $1,207