Work

An Arctic Sea Ice Energy Budget for the Last Interglacial

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: With ongoing anthropogenic warming, the Arctic is increasingly dominated by thin, first‐year sea ice. Understanding the ice–ocean–atmosphere interactions in warmer climates is therefore essential. We analyze the Arctic sea‐ice energy budget in nine CMIP6‐PMIP4 lig127k simulations of the Last Interglacial warm Arctic. All models show reduced Last Interglacial summer sea ice, but with substantial inter‐model spread. We demonstrate that this arises from differences in surface energy anomalies, which are highly correlated with sea ice area anomalies ( of 74%). Ice–albedo feedbacks dominate this response: reduced ice cover exposes more open ocean, enhances shortwave absorption, and warms the upper ocean. This heat is released in autumn, delaying sea‐ice regrowth. Although modern warming is driven by longwave forcing, our results highlight that shortwave absorption from reduced albedo is a key driver of summer sea‐ice loss, underscoring the need for accurate representation of surface heat‐balance processes in future Arctic projections.

Source: Geophysical Research Letters

DOI: 10.1029/2025gl120781

Authors: M. Pollock, R. Diamond, H. Heorton, L. C. Sime, D. Schroeder, C. Brierley

Institutions: University College London, British Antarctic Survey, University of Reading

Language: English

Topic: Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics

Subfield: Atmospheric Science

Field: Earth and Planetary Sciences

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDG: Climate action

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,190