Work

Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis in a Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Patient

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal hyperinflammatory syndrome caused by uncontrolled activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and macrophages, leading to cytokine storm and multiorgan dysfunction. Due to its nonspecific clinical presentation and high mortality, early recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential. We report the case of a 28-year-old woman admitted with fever, myalgias, arthralgias, and generalized exanthema. Initial laboratory evaluation revealed pancytopenia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing was positive for Rickettsia, and bone marrow examination demonstrated findings consistent with HLH. Despite appropriate management, the patient developed septic shock and died due to multiple complications, including multiorgan failure.

Source: Cureus

DOI: 10.7759/cureus.105330

Authors: César A Rojas Landa, Diego O Rojas Landa, Benjamin A Rojas Landa, Miriam N Martínez Brownell, Hanniel E Román Robles

Institutions: Mexican Social Security Institute, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California

Language: English

Topic: Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research

Subfield: Hematology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7137154046