Nickel Ion Release from Orthodontic Brackets in the Presence of Three Different Mouthwashes: A Comparative In vitro Study
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Background: Orthodontic brackets and archwires create additional retentive sites that promote bacterial adhesion, thereby increasing the risk of plaque accumulation. However, there are rising concerns about allergic reactions and toxicity associated with metal ion release, particularly with regard to the commonly prescribed mouthwashes. This study investigates the release of nickel ions from orthodontic brackets when exposed to artificial saliva and three different commercially available mouthwashes: Ayurvedic oil-pulling, chlorhexidine, and fluoridated formulations. With the growing use of Ayurvedic alternatives in India, this research aims to fill the gap regarding their comparative impact on orthodontic appliances. Materials and Methods: Forty stainless steel orthodontic brackets were immersed in artificial saliva and three distinct mouthwashes under controlled laboratory conditions. Nickel ion release was quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test to determine significant differences among the groups. Results: ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that Group D (Fluoridated mouthwash) showed the highest mean nickel ion release, significantly greater than Group A (Artificial saliva) [mean diff = -405.87, 95% CI: -413.06 to -398.68], Group B (Ayurvedic) [-415.92, 95% CI: -423.11 to -408.73], and Group C (Chlorhexidine) [-341.74, 95% CI: -348.93 to -334.55] (p < 0.001). Group C also exhibited higher release than Group A and Group B (p < 0.001), while Group A was significantly higher than Group B (p = 0.003). Overall, nickel ion release followed the order Group D > Group C > Group A > Group B. Conclusion: The findings highlight the biocompatibility of Ayurvedic formulations in minimizing metal ion release. This study concludes that selecting mouthwashes with lower corrosive potential can enhance patient safety and reduce hypersensitivity risks during orthodontic treatment.
Source: Cureus Journal of Engineering.
Authors: JV Shreepriya, Nirajita Bhaduri, A Khushi, V Aparna, Paul Mampilly
Institution: M S Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
Language: English
Subfield: Orthodontics
Field: Dentistry
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid:
OpenAlex ID: W7139020841