Profiles of Social Determinants of Health and Change in Diabetes Status Among U.S. Hispanic/Latino Adults: HCHS/SOL, 2008–2024
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social determinants of health (SDoHs) account for more than half of the variance in racial and ethnic disparities in health. However, few studies have examined how SDoHs may cluster in ways that affect health. We aimed to identify patterns of social adversity and their differential associations with both diabetes status at baseline and change in diabetes status across ∼12 years among Hispanic/Latino adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Participants were from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; N = 16,415; aged 18-74 years). Diabetes status (defined as normoglycemia, prediabetes, or diabetes per American Diabetes Association criteria) was measured by clinical assessment and self-reported medications at baseline (2008-2011) and two follow-up visits (2014-2017 and 2020-2024). SDoHs were assessed at baseline and as part of the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study (2010-2012). RESULTS: Latent class analyses of nine SDoHs (income, education, employment status, home ownership, language and social acculturation, chronic stressors, family cohesion, and social support) revealed four distinct patterns of social adversity: 1) low adversity, 2) social/educational strengths, 3) acculturated and underresourced, and 4) high adversity. Compared with the low-adversity group, the high-adversity group had the highest odds of worse diabetes status at baseline and had greater odds of worsening diabetes status over time. CONCLUSIONS: SDoHs cluster in distinct ways that affect diabetes outcomes; social adversities must be addressed to mitigate diabetes burden among Hispanic/Latino adults.
Source: Diabetes Care
DOI: 10.2337/dc25-2797
Language: English
Subfield: Health
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: Stanford Institute for Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence, Stanford University, Bo and Kerstin Hjelt Diabetes Foundation, American Diabetes Association, Office of Dietary Supplements, Hearst Foundations, V Foundation for Cancer Research, American Society of Hematology, Park Nicollet Foundation, University of Miami, Max and Minnie Tomerlin Voelcker Fund, Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Northwestern University, San Diego State University, Suzuken Memorial Foundation, Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Joachim Herz Stiftung, Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, Uehara Memorial Foundation, Fondation Brain Canada, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Wellcome Trust, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Japan Association for Diabetes Education and Care, Yamaguchi University, Bureau of Science and Technology of Ganzhou Municipality, Canolfan Ymchwil Canser Cymru, International Myeloma Society, Fujiwara Memorial Foundation, Diabetes Research Connection, Milky Way Research Foundation, Foundation of Kinoshita Memorial Enterprise, Michael Smith Health Research BC, Cancer Research UK, Leverhulme Trust, Diabetes UK, European Commission, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Fondation Leducq, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grantová Agentura České Republiky, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Aarhus Universitets Forskningsfond, China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Daimler und Benz Stiftung, Aase og Ejnar Danielsens Fond, Ministero della Salute, Hessisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kunst, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, National Research Foundation of Korea, Svenska Sällskapet för Medicinsk Forskning, Hjärnfonden, Hjärt-Lungfonden, Israel Science Foundation, Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, Narodowe Centrum Nauki, Vetenskapsrådet, Hrvatska Zaklada za Znanost, Lietuvos Mokslo Taryba, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Kaohsiung Medical University, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Norges Forskningsråd, Konung Gustaf V:s och Drottning Victorias Frimurarestiftelse, Universidad de Granada, Deutsche Kinderkrebsstiftung, Alfred Benzon Foundation, STROKE-Riksförbundet, Region Sjælland, École Centrale de Lyon, Novo Nordisk Fonden, Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur, Skånes universitetssjukhus, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Mishima Kaiun Memorial Foundation, Japan Diabetes Foundation, Japan Health Foundation, Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea, Business Finland, Kids Brain Health Network, National Science and Technology Major Project, Stiftelsen Bundy Academy, European Society for Immunodeficiencies, Australian Youth and Health Foundation, Alleanza Contro il Cancro, National Institutes of Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of Illinois at Chicago, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Medical Research Council, Australian Research Council, National Health and Medical Research Council, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, Marsden Fund, Secretaría de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Erasmus+, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, National Key Research and Development Program of China, Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project, NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, National Institute on Aging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH Office of the Director, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Center for Research Resources, Basic Energy Sciences, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, Stanford Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, European Social Fund, Eurostars, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, HORIZON EUROPE European Research Council
Awards: G1081972346, G1086382119, G1121130830, G1140476625, G122677224, G1312369436, G1327559120, G1349668216, Hispanic Community Health Study, G1455175283, G1541511264, G1790794629, G1818487580, G1866572497, G1984718218, G2054383851, G215000922, G2466919156, HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY - FIELD CENTER, G2495941498, G2644289446, G2651066328, G2655143993, Hispanic Community Health Study, G3588223746, G3614733703, G3808803955, Hispanic Community Health Study, G4497211205, G5015503974, G5102588038, HISPANIC COMMUNITY HEALTH STUDY - COORDINATING CENTER, G543802643, G5935820280, G596642789, G5988662542, G6088185517, G6104079944, G6202424770, G7060413693, G7132511053, G7300647053, G8128919923, G8166254043, G820454163, Ancillary to HCHS/SOL: Sociocultural Factors and CVD risk/prevalence in Hispanics, G8987601928, G9000057246, G9000330754, Scripps Clinical and Translational Science Hub, UCSD Integrated Cardiovascular Epidemiology Fellowship, G937084196, G940445018
OpenAlex ID: W7140168948