Work

All pure multipartite entangled states of qubits can be self-tested

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Device-independent self-testing refers to the certification of quantum states based entirely on the correlations exhibited by measurements on separate subsystems. The fact that such a certification is possible at all is remarkable in its own right, and is intimately connected to the violation Bell’s inequalities by entangled quantum systems. In the bipartite case, it is known that, for every pure entangled bipartite state, there exists a device-independent self-testing protocol. Despite the growing interest in self-testing, an analogous universal result in the multipartite setting has remained elusive. In this work, we prove such a universal result for qubits: for every pure n-qubit entangled state, we give an explicit Bell-scenario correlations that self-tests that state, up to local isometries and, where relevant, complex conjugation. The authors prove that any pure entangled state of multiple quantum bits (qubits) can be uniquely identified using only measurement statistics, without trusting the devices, resolving a long-standing open problem in quantum certification.

Source: Nature Communications

DOI: 10.1038/s41467-026-70829-x

Authors: Maria Balanzó-Juandó, Andrea Coladangelo, Remigiusz Augusiak, Antonio Acín, Ivan Šupić