An innovative non-formal learning model based on nature and science: content, pedagogy and continuous professional development
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The current education model is gradually shifting away from its traditional framework, evolving towards a more informal, out-of-brick, outdoor learning culture. In this context, the topic of non-formal out-of-school learning environments, which bridge education with real-life experiences and enhance individuals’ learning through daily activities, requires further examination and clarification within relevant frameworks. To this end, this study aims to clarify a framework for “nature and science-based out-of-school learning environments” encompassing content, pedagogy, continuous professional development by achieving a consensus based on expert opinions. This Delphi study employs an exploratory sequential design, a type of mixed-method research. By incorporating the insights of trainers, the study provides significant perspectives on non-formal outdoor learning, particularly in the areas of definition, content, pedagogy, professional development and education technology. The findings highlight the importance of effectively integrating content, pedagogy, professional development, and the pedagogical application of education technology in non-formal learning settings.
Language: English
Subfield: Social Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
SDG: Quality education
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,890
OpenAlex ID: W7140635547