Work

Supercapacitor Model with Charge-Dependent Parameters Based on Experimental Frequency Response

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: The characterization of supercapacitors (SCs), particularly electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), is useful for the design of energy management systems. This article presents a five-parameter dynamic model based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) data. Unlike conventional fixed-parameter models, this study explores an approach that accounts for voltage dependence. The model was evaluated using four commercial 58-farad SCs over a frequency range of 10 mHz to 300 kHz and at voltages ranging from 6.25% to 93.75% of the nominal value. The results show that the parameters vary with the state of charge; for example, the effective capacitance increased by up to 24% when moving from 6.25% to 50% of the nominal voltage. The model, fitted using nonlinear optimization algorithms, has a mean square percentage error (MSPE) of less than 3%. This approach estimates the dynamic behavior of the SCs, facilitating the simulation and tuning of management and protection strategies.

Source: Sensors

DOI: 10.3390/s26072075

Authors: Carlos Gilabert-Torres, Sergio Ignacio Serna-Garcés, Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja, Juan Domingo Aguilar-Peña, Catalina Rus-Casas

Institutions: Universidad de Jaén, Institución Universitaria ITM, Universidad Nacional de Colombia

Language: English

Topic: Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication

Subfield: Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

Field: Materials Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $3,137

Funders: European Commission, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano