Sex differences in cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic syndrome: the FINE-HEART pooled analysis
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While the prevalence, drivers, and impact of cardiometabolic risk factors are known to differ between women and men, less is known about sex differences in the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. METHODS: In this prespecified analysis, individual participant-level data were pooled from two trials of chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes (FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD) and a trial of heart failure (HF) with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction (FINEARTS-HF). The risk of first HF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, major adverse cardiovascular events, kidney composite outcome, and all-cause death, was compared between men and women using adjusted Cox regression models. Treatment effect heterogeneity in response to finerenone was evaluated using interaction analyses. RESULTS: Of the 18 991 participants in FINE-HEART, 6664 (35%) were women. Compared with men, women were slightly older (69 vs 67 years) and had a lower median urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (183 vs 337 mg/g). Women were more likely to have Stage 4 CKM syndrome but less likely to receive medical therapies commonly indicated for the management of CKM conditions at baseline, such as aspirin, statins, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists. During a median follow-up of 2.9 years, both women and men had similarly high rates of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (4.8 vs 3.9 per 100 patient-years, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.06, P = .52) but lower risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.91, P < .001) compared with men. There was no evidence of treatment heterogeneity by sex with finerenone in reducing cardiovascular, kidney, and mortality outcomes (all Pinteraction >.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this pooled analysis of individuals with advanced CKM syndrome, women had a higher burden of multimorbidity and were less likely to receive commonly indicated CKM therapies than men. Finerenone conferred consistent benefits in women and men, reinforcing its use while underscoring persistent sex-based treatment disparities in CKM care. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO identifier: CRD42024570467.
Source: European Heart Journal
Authors: Maria A Pabon, John W Ostrominski, Xiaowen Wang, Brian L Claggett, Kevin B Lo, Gerasimos Filippatos, Akshay S Desai, Pardeep S Jhund, Alaisdair Henderson, Carolyn S P Lam, Michele Senni, Sanjiv Shah, Adriaan A Voors, Faiez Zannad, Cândida Fonseca, Eva Goncalvesova, Tzvetana Katova, Savina Nodari, Clara Inés Saldarriaga, Kavita Sharma, Orly Vardeny, Shelley Zieroth, Sorel Goland, Peter Rossing, Stefan D Anker, Bertram Pitt, Rajiv Agarwal, Lucas Hofmeister, Meike Brinker, Andrea Scalise, Katharina Mueller, John J V McMurray, Scott D Solomon, Muthiah Vaduganathan
Institutions: Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University General Hospital Attikon, British Heart Foundation, University of Glasgow, National University of Singapore, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, University of Milano-Bicocca, Northwestern University, University Medical Center Groningen, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy, Université de Lorraine, Hospital of St. Francis Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Comenius University Bratislava, National Heart Hospital, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale degli Spedali Civili di Brescia, University of Brescia, Clínica Santa María, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis VA Health Care System, University of Manitoba, Kaplan Medical Center, University of Copenhagen, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bayer (Germany)
Language: English
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $5,922
Funders: American Heart Association, Bayer
OpenAlex ID: W7140752863