Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: The long-term fate of the universe is commonly framed as a choice between perpetual expansion and eventual collapse. Standard cosmological models describe these outcomes through dynamical evolution governed by dark energy and gravity. This paper introduces a structural reinterpretation within the Paton System: cosmic fate is determined by constraint dominance at the global level. Expansion and collapse are not inevitable endpoints, but contingent outcomes arising from which constraint field governs continuation. By positioning cosmology within Tier-8 (continuity horizon), this work reframes expansion, Big Crunch, and Big Bounce scenarios as admissibility outcomes under global constraint conditions. The universe persists not according to motion alone, but according to which constraints permit continued existence.
Author: Paton, Andrew John
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7140888786
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