Work

The EP-VRD2 for endovascular treatment of ophthalmic segment aneurysms: wall apposition and long-term study

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Objectives: The Enterprise Vascular Reconstruction Devices 2 (EP-VRD2) are designed to improve apposition to curved vessel walls. This study aimed to evaluate the wall apposition (WA) and long-term safety and effectiveness of EP-VRD2 for treating ophthalmic segment aneurysms (OSAs). Materials and methods: Dyna CT angiography (CTA) was used to evaluate WA, while digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and the modified Rankin score (mRS) were utilized for imaging and outcome follow-up, respectively. The minimum follow-up was 12 months. Results: A total of 104 OSAs treated with EP-VRD2 were collected. The complication rate was 3.84%, all due to thromboembolic events. Immediate angiography revealed Raymond-Roy occlusion classification (RROC) I in 73.08% of cases, II in 23.08%, and III in 3.84%. DSA follow-up of 90 OSAs over an average of 19.91 ± 7.16 months showed a complete occlusion rate of 95.56%. Clinical follow-up averaged 22.15 ± 9.26 months, with mRS ranging from 0 to 2. Crescent signs, indicating incomplete stent apposition (ISA), were observed in 11.54% of cases. Curvature radius (CR) and artery angle (AA) were significantly different between the complete apposition and ISA groups, with cut-off values identified at 44° and 3.58 mm. Conclusion: EP-VRD2 stents are safe and effective for long-term treatment of OSAs, significantly improving WA in curved vessels. However, ISA remains in sharp ICA siphon bends, particularly with an AA < 44° or CR < 3.58 mm.

Source: Frontiers in Neurology

DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1750959