Schizophrenia-associated complement C4 impairs synaptic connectivity and decreases microglia-synapse interactions through CR3 signaling
Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: High-expression variants of the complement C4 gene increase schizophrenia (SZ) risk. C4 overexpression (C4-OE) in the mouse frontal cortex recapitulates SZ-associated phenotypes, including lower synapse density, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the complement cascade, C4 is upstream of C3, whose cleavage fragments can bind complement receptors, including CR3, selectively expressed by microglia in the brain parenchyma. Therefore, we hypothesize that microglial CR3 mediates C4-OE effects. We show that C4-OE alters synapse density and function and that these effects are rescued in CR3-deficient mice. Contrary to the models of excessive microglia-mediated synaptic elimination, our previous results indicate that C4-OE reduces spine formation and elimination. Here, using in vivo two-photon imaging, we find that C4-OE decreases microglial surveilled volume, motility, and the frequency of microglial contacts with pre- and postsynaptic structures. These changes are abolished by CR3 deficiency. Our findings suggest that CR3-mediated modulation of microglia-synapse interactions underlies C4-OE effects relevant to SZ.
Source: Cell Reports
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $5,620
Funders: European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Fondation de France, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, Latvijas Universitate, Fédération pour la Recherche sur le Cerveau, Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Sorbonne Université, European Research Council, State Education Development Agency Republic of Latvia
Awards: G1763067202, Role of neuronal and microglial identity in complement-dependent synaptic refinement, G195628441, G4006223216, G4656594441, G4994699419, G4999673169, microSCHIZ - Mikroglia Aktivierung in Komplement C4-stratifizierten schizophrenen Patienten und in einem Mausmodell mit C4 Überexpression, G6286153020, G645767916
OpenAlex ID: W7141419108