Work

Analysis of a Semi-Markov Cold Standby System with Two Heterogeneous Components Considering Multiple Failure Modes

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: In this paper, a cold standby repairable system comprising two heterogeneous components, each characterized by multiple types of mutually independent failure modes, is investigated. The operational lifetimes of the components follow exponential distributions, while their repair times after failure are governed by general distributions. By applying the theory of the Markov renewal process together with the Laplace and the Laplace–Stieltjes transform techniques, we derive analytical expressions for the time to the first system failure, system availability, and the rate of occurrence of system failures. Some results for these reliability measures under several special cases are also presented. Finally, numerical examples are provided under different repair time distributions to analyze the influence of model parameters on the system’s reliability performance.

Source: Axioms

DOI: 10.3390/axioms15040251

Authors: Ping Zhang, Jinsong Hu, Wenqing Wu

Institutions: Chengdu University of Technology, The Engineering & Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu Technological University, Civil Aviation Flight University of China

Language: English

Topic: Reliability and Maintenance Optimization

Subfield: Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality

Field: Engineering

Domain: Physical Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,896

OpenAlex ID: W7141675816

FWCI: 9.124

Cites: 25

Cited by: 2

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