Work

Clinical characteristics and breed-related distribution of canine cryptorchidism: a retrospective study between 2018 and 2025

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Background: Cryptorchidism is the most common congenital abnormality affecting male reproductive development in dogs.Castration is generally recommended for affected individuals, and many cases are identified incidentally during elective procedures.A better understanding of the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of cryptorchidism may enhance awareness among veterinarians and dog owners, thereby contributing to improved surgical management and postoperative care.Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from dogs diagnosed with cryptorchidism between 2018 and 2025.Cryptorchidism was classified according to the anatomical location and laterality of the undescended testis.Breed-related associations were evaluated by comparing distribution patterns between purebred and mixed-breed dogs using Fisher's exact test and odds ratios analyses.Results: Among 618 dogs undergoing castration, 80 were diagnosed with cryptorchidism (12.94%).Right-sided unilateral cryptorchidism was the most common presentation (n = 55, 8.90%), followed by left-sided unilateral cryptorchidism (n = 17, 2.75%), and bilateral cryptorchidism was the least frequent (n = 8, 1.29%).Undescended testes were more frequently located in the inguinal region (n = 53, 66.25%) than in the abdominal cavity (n = 27, 33.75%).No statistically significant breed-specific differences in anatomical location were detected when compared with mixed-breed dogs.Conclusions: This study characterizes dog cryptorchidism based on anatomical location and laterality, providing baseline clinical data on breed-related distribution patterns that may support future studies of clinical decision-making.

Source: Journal of Animal Reproduciton and Biotechnology

DOI: 10.12750/jarb.41.1.13

Authors: Minsu Baek, Sang-Yun Lee, Won-Jae Lee, Dong-Ju Park, Young-Bum Son

Institutions: Chonnam National University, Kyungpook National University, Gyeongsang National University

Language: English

Topic: Veterinary Medicine and Surgery

Subfield: Small Animals

Field: Veterinary

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $230