Work

A Review on Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) constitute one of the most significant causes of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare utilization worldwide. They encompass a broad spectrum of clinical syndromes including community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute bronchitis, acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), and acute exacerbations of bronchiectasis. Despite major advances in antimicrobial therapy, vaccination programs, and supportive care, LRTIs continue to impose a substantial burden, particularly among older adults, immune compromised individuals, and those with chronic comorbid conditions. The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, aging populations, and emerging respiratory pathogens further complicate management. This review provides an in-depth overview of the epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, management strategies, complications, prevention, and future perspectives of adult LRTIs, with emphasis on evidence-based clinical practice.

Source: Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)

DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19326560

Author: Fathima Basheera M.1*, Natarajan P.2, Dhanasekaran M.3, Dheena Dhayalan P.4, Jeya Shree S.5, Ganga Dharshini R.6

Language: English

Topic: Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

OpenAlex ID: W7143465268

FWCI:

Cites:

Cited by:

Related to: