Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Exercise therapy is a recognized cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes, offering broad benefits that extend beyond simple glycemic control to include cardiovascular and quality-of-life improvements. This mini-review synthesizes recent evidence on the efficacy of various exercise modalities, dosage optimization, and the ongoing tension between ideal clinical efficacy and real-world effectiveness. Recent meta-analyses indicate that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is highly time-efficient and yields superior reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Meanwhile, concurrent training, which combines aerobic and resistance exercise, provides the most comprehensive metabolic and physiological benefits. Emerging research also emphasizes a paradigm shift toward personalized exercise prescriptions, suggesting an optimal physical activity dose of approximately 1100 MET-min/week that must be tailored to a patient's baseline glycemic status. Despite clear physiological advantages, such as enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced chronic inflammation, long-term patient adherence remains a significant barrier to sustained effectiveness in real-world settings. Future clinical and research strategies must prioritize behavioral innovations to improve adherence, explore the synergistic effects of exercise with novel pharmacological treatments like GLP-1 receptor agonists, and foster sustainable, active lifestyles for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology
Authors: Jiaman Hao, Huiyan Zhang
Language: English
Topic: Physical Activity and Health
Subfield: Physiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
OpenAlex ID: W7146947838