Pre–Antiretroviral Therapy Vertical HIV-1 Transmission Risk in Uganda Varies by Sex of Child and Maternal Viral Subtype
Year: 2026
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: We analyzed perinatal transmission in a pre-antiretroviral therapy Ugandan cohort by maternal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype and infant sex in 131 mother-child pairs. Among all children, if the mother was infected with subtype A there was a nearly 3-fold increased risk of perinatal transmission compared with subtype D (risk ratio [RR], 2.96 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-6.01]; P = .008). When stratifying infants by both sex and maternal subtype, significantly more female (56.3% [9 of 16]) than male (9.1% [1 of 11]) infants born to mothers with subtype A were infected (RR, 6.19 [95% CI, .91-42.12]; P = .02). In contrast, among infants born to mothers with subtype D, transmission rates were comparable across sex (RR, 1.59 [95% CI, .57-4.41]; P = .39).
Institutions: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rakai Health Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Johns Hopkins University, Johns Hopkins Medicine, University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Infectious Diseases
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W7147377371