Year: 2026
Type: article
Abstract: Mitochondria are central regulators of immunometabolism, and emerging evidence identifies intercellular mitochondrial transfer as a key driver of immune microenvironment remodeling. Beyond energy production, transferred mitochondria reshape immune niches by reprogramming metabolic fitness, redox balance, inflammatory tone, and immune cell interactions. Through multiple transfer routes, including tunneling nanotubes, extracellular vesicles, and gap junctions, mitochondrial exchange modulates immune activation, immunosuppression, and tolerance across diverse physiological and pathological contexts. In this review, we summarize current mechanisms of mitochondrial transfer and highlight how this process directionally remodels the immune microenvironment in inflammation, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. We further discuss therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating mitochondrial transfer to reprogram immune responses, providing new perspectives for immunomodulation and disease intervention.
Source: Frontiers in Immunology
Institution: Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,801
Award: G5600379912
OpenAlex ID: W7147558198