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Beliefs and attitudes towards drug use, psychological hardiness, and self-esteem among adolescents in northwestern Syria

Year: 2026

Type: article

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify associations between drug use and both self-esteem and psychological hardiness among adolescents in northwestern Syria. METHODS: Adolescents from various schools in northwestern Syria and Azaz were invited to participate. Participants were assessed for beliefs and attitudes towards drug use (using the Beliefs and Attitudes of Substance Abuse Inventory [BASAI]), psychological hardiness (using the Psychological Hardiness Scale), and self-esteem (using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale). RESULTS: = -0.451, p < 0.001) scores. Psychological hardiness was a significant predictor of BASAI scores (β = -0.404, B = -0.210, p < 0.001), whereas self-esteem was not (β = -0.090, B = -0.168, p = 0.094). CONCLUSION: Psychological hardiness is a potential predictor of drug use among adolescents with positive beliefs and attitudes towards substance use. The association may be stronger among male adolescents and high school students.

Source: East Asian Archives of Psychiatry

DOI: 10.12809/eaap25154

Author: Iman Sarmini

Institution: Gaziantep University

Language: English

Topic: Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

Subfield: Epidemiology

Field: Medicine

Domain: Health Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: diamond

OpenAlex ID: W7147583483

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